On 15-16 September 2025, directly before our Project Meeting, a PerMaLIC – Permanent Magnet LEAPS Internal Collaboration – workshop was organized as a satellite meeting by both RF2.0 partners ALBA and HZB at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB).
This was the fourth PerMaLIC workshop which is part of the LEAPS – League of European Accelerator based-Photon Sources – collaboration, with a focus on the development of Permanent Magnets for future, ultralow-emittance light sources. The first three workshops took place in 2021 at the ESRF, in 2022 at ALBA and in 2023 in Trieste (“Low-Emittance Ring PM workshop”).
One of the key motivations for organizing this workshop at HZB was to establish a dedicated discussion forum involving all three RF2.0 partners engaged in Permanent Magnet (PM) projects—ALBA, HZB, and MAX IV. The goal was to present and discuss the ongoing RF2.0 PM initiatives with a broader group of European collaborators, including representatives from DESY (Germany), ESRF (France), Elettra (Italy), SOLARIS (Poland), and SOLEIL (France), who also shared updates on their respective PM projects. The scientific circle was further enriched by the participation of F. Bødker from Danfysik, who provided valuable feedback from an industrial perspective.
The first day started with a presentation by Jens Völker (HZB) about the design and the construction process of the motorized tunable PM-based quadrupole magnet, as well as the ongoing studies of the magnetic performance of Thermoflux following different mechanical and/or thermal pre-treatments. Both projects are part of WP2 in RF2.0. Afterwards, C. Benabderrahmane presented an overview of ongoing PM projects at the ESRF, such as high-field combined-function Halbach magnets or first mid-gradient PM hybrid quadrupole magnets. In the third presentation, Ilia Asparuhov (HZB) discussed the ongoing assembly work and readjustment of the triplet dipole PM-based hybrid magnet for the new injection beamline at BESSYII (BESSYII+).
The first day concluded with a tour of HZB’s Permanent Magnet Laboratory, where new measurement systems—such as stretched/vibrating wire setups, Helmholtz coils, and a Hall mapper—were being assembled and tested. These systems were in preparation for installation in the new Magnet Hall, supporting the ongoing magnet development for BESSY III.
During the second day, six further talks, e.g. from RF2.0 project members Jordi Marcos (ALBA), who presented the lattice and magnet concepts of the just funded ALBAII project and options for a PM-hybrid Superbend with peak field of up to 3.2 T. and Aashoo Sharma talking about the re-design of the MAX IV resistive bending magnets into PM-driven magnets without performance losses for the magnetic field, that could reduce magnet power consumption for the 3.0-GeV ring by ~42 %, if all MAX-IV dipoles are replaced.
Additionally, to further presentations on PM projects by DESY such as canted dipoles (CanDi) and new compact undulators at Elettra, C. Kitegi (SOLEIL) talked about first results of a new magnet using PM blocks with refurbished NdFeB powder, which could be the next step for even more sustainable PM-based magnets. The second day ends with a tour through BESSYII and the Undulator Laboratory of HZB.
During this fourth workshop, all three PM projects of RF2.0 were discussed in detail and got positive feedback from the other participants and helpful suggestions for the upcoming magnet assembly or further upgrades.
